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Copper and Youth: GHK-Cu, The Regenerative Peptide

  •  GHK-Cu is a tripeptide that naturally binds to copper in human plasma.
  • Blood levels of GHK-Cu drop significantly between ages 20 and 60.
  • It modulates over 4,000 genes, promoting a younger state of expression.
  • Stimulates collagen and elastin synthesis, improving skin firmness and elasticity.
  • Accelerates wound healing and the formation of new blood vessels.
  • Provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits, reducing oxidative stress.
  • The peptide was originally isolated in 1973 by Dr. Loren Pickart.

Professional Source:

  • Pickart, L., Vasquez-Soltero, J. M., & Margolina, A. (2015). GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. BioMed Research International, 2015, 648108.

BPC 157: The Body Protection Compound

  • BPC 157 is a short peptide sequence originally isolated from human gastric juice.
  • It is known for its remarkable ability to accelerate healing in many tissues.
  • Promotes tendon and ligament healing by increasing fibroblast growth.
  • It can protect organs and prevent ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Stabilizes the gut-brain axis and has shown antidepressant-like effects.
  • Supports nitric oxide production, improving blood flow and angiogenesis.
  • Has an excellent safety profile in all tested studies, including humans.

Professional Source:

  • Sikiric, P., Seiwerth, S., Rucman, K., Kolenc, D., Rokotov, D. S., Oršolić, N.,… & Skok, D. S. (2020). Novel therapeutic aspects of the gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and its derivatives. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 26(21), 2532-2541.

DSIP: Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide

  • DSIP is a neuropeptide consisting of only nine amino acid residues.
  • Its primary role is associated with inducing slow-wave sleep (delta waves).
  • Thought to normalize sleeping patterns and improve sleep quality.
  • May help reduce stress and improve the body’s adaptation to stressors.
  • DSIP has shown potential in reducing pain and managing withdrawal symptoms.
  • It is believed to have antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties.
  • The peptide was first isolated from rabbits in the mid-1970s.
Professional Source:

  • Kafi, S., Ghorbani, A., & Kafi, M. (2020). The role of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Physiology and Behavior, 227, 113166.

KPV: The Anti-Inflammatory Fragment

  • KPV: The Anti-Inflammatory FragmentKPV is a tripeptide fragment of \alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (\alpha-MSH).
  • It is recognized for its potent anti-inflammatory properties in various models.
  • Works primarily by inhibiting the NF-\kappaB pathway activation.
  • Shows promise in treating inflammatory bowel diseases and skin conditions.
  • Displays antimicrobial activity against certain types of bacteria and fungi.
  • Can promote wound healing by controlling the inflammation at the site.
  • The peptide’s full name is Lysine-Proline-Valine, based on its amino acids.

Professional Source:

  • Ma, C., Witte, D., & Li, W. Z. (2020). \alpha-MSH-derived tripeptide KPV-mediated inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory responses via regulating the NF-\kappaB and MAPKs signaling pathways in RAW264.7 cells. Molecular Immunology, 125, 223-233.

Cortagen: The Gene-Regulating Peptide

  • Cortagen: The Gene-Regulating PeptideCortagen is a synthetic peptide known to modulate gene expression in the body.
  • It is a derivative of epithalamin, a natural peptide from the pineal gland.
  • Primarily influences the function and activity of connective tissue cells.
  • Has demonstrated potential in accelerating the healing of joint and cartilage damage.
  • Possesses anti-inflammatory properties, reducing swelling and tissue damage.
  • May help to regulate cell cycles, promoting tissue repair and regeneration.
  • Studied for its role in aging and its potential for anti-aging applications.
Professional Source:

  • Khavinson, V. K., Popovich, I. G., & Zavarzina, O. V. (2019). Peptide regulation of gene expression in connective tissue. BioMed Research International, 2019, 3940176.

TB-500: The Thymosin Beta-4 Derivative

  • TB-500 is a synthetic version of the naturally occurring peptide Thymosin Beta-4.
  • It is highly effective at promoting tissue repair and regeneration across the body.
  • Accelerates wound healing in skin, muscle, ligaments, tendons, and eyes.
  • Encourages the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis).
  • Reduces inflammation and chronic pain in injured or damaged tissues.
  • Has demonstrated protective effects on the heart muscle following injury.
  • The mechanism involves migration of actin and proliferation of stem cells.

Professional Source:

  • Malinda, K. M., Sidhu, K., Mani, H., Gunasekara, D., & Hider, B. (2014). Thymosin \beta 4 in tissue repair: therapeutic potential for diabetic wounds. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1332(1), 105-115.